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Critical History of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
Lukman Raimi and Basirat Olaide Raimi5
Entrepreneurship is a slippery concept that has been used and abused for various purposes. This article summarizes the basics of entrepreneurship and its historical development to demystify misconceptions about this important field of knowledge and practice in Nigeria. Understanding the history of entrepreneurship extends to highlighting the entrepreneurial achievements of three ethnic groups in Nigeria. Seven (7) theories of entrepreneurship that provide logical explanations for why and how individuals in different contexts become entrepreneurs (with or without opportunities) are discussed to support professional learning and academic entrepreneurship. Ultimately, when the strengths of traditional entrepreneurship are combined with modern entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship in Nigeria can be reinvigorated to improve the country's ability to create wealth, create jobs, redistribute income, reduce poverty, and improve the country's gross domestic product for maximum effect. This will be possible if all stakeholders provide the necessary institutional support to the three ethnic groups and others to accelerate the promotion of entrepreneurship in Nigeria, particularly in the areas of agriculture, livestock, retail, and services.
This paper reports results of an investigation into modelling factors that influence customers’ attitude and decisions to adopt digitized financial services (DFSs) in rural and semi-urban towns in Ghana. Quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used. Seven hundred and twenty-seven (727) rural customers were randomly selected from a semi-urban town and three adjoining rural communities in Ghana to test the applicability of technology acceptance model (TAM) within such a context. Structural equation modelling was employed to assess stated hypotheses. The results of the study suggest that perceived usefulness, trust in bank and security and reliability positively influence DFS usage. DFSs can play a positive role in financial service outreach and can increase the participation of rural population in formal financial activities. Hitherto, little academic attention has been given to digitization of financial services in semi-urban African towns. The study contributes to filling this research gap.
In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a collection of 17 global objectives to promote economic, social and ecological development in all parts of the world. While the academic discussion on the contribution of companies to the Sustainable Development Goals has recently gained momentum, the role of business-to-business (B2B) partnerships in reaching the SDGs is underexplored, particularly when it comes to North-South relationships. With our research, we aim to fill this gap in the literature by investigating sales partnerships between German manufacturers and their distributors in African markets. Based on a qualitative analysis of 28 interviews with managers of German and African companies, we show that long-term partnerships and job creation, technology transfer, training as well as high standards are significant contributions of companies to achieve the SDGs. While several SDGs such as goals 4,6,13,16 and 17 are addressed by B2B partnership, we also discuss approaches on how the firms’ engagement could be further leveraged and expanded.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of entrepreneurship education in graduate employability.
Design/methodology/approach: To achieve this purpose, the perceptions of 91 tertiary students were sampled in a survey through a convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection which was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.
Findings: Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed a direct relationship between entrepreneurship education and graduate employability. Having a forceful personality is essential just as instruction in self-efficacy and competency is necessary for fostering a sense of autonomy and initiative in students.
Originality: The study focused on tertiary students in a private university in Ghana.
Research Limitation: The study did not account for whether the student had already taken up any course in entrepreneurship.
Practical Implication: This study recommends that educational programs for the tertiary level should emphasize entrepreneurship education which can develop the self-efficacy and employability of students after their graduation. Thus, educators in the field of entrepreneurship must emphasize educating students on how an entrepreneur's personality traits can impact talents, which in turn can serve as precursors to the entrepreneur's sense of self-efficacy.
The adoption of crowdfunding among entrepreneurs has increased recently, and several factors are believed to contribute to this increase. Surprisingly, extrinsic motivating factors' effect on this increased crowdfunding adoption trend is inadequately addressed. The study investigates the effect of extrinsic motivators on entrepreneurs' intention to adopt crowdfunding in Tanzania. It applies Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modelling to examine the effect of the need for achievement, social networking, and the desire for financial power on entrepreneurs' intention to adopt crowdfunding. Using a sample of 241 entrepreneurs operating in Tanzania, the results indicate that the need for achievement and the desire for financial power influence entrepreneurs' crowdfunding intention. We observe no effect of the need for social networking on entrepreneurs' crowdfunding intention. These results imply that an entrepreneur's intention to borrow through a crowdfunding platform aligns more with the need for achievement and the desire for financial power rather than the need for social networking.
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